Why do we need formal specification? Discuss behavioral specification in detail.

-

 We need formal specification because:-

-  Formal Specification involves investing more effort in the early phases of software development.
 - To explain why formal specification techniques help to discover problems in system requirements.
- To describe the use of:-
  ° algebraic technique(for interface specification) &
  °  model-based techniques( for behavioral specification)
- To introduced Abstract State Machine Model(ASMM)
- Formal Specification reduces requirements error as it forces a detailed analysis of the requirements.
 
Behavioral specification
- Behavioral specification describes constraints on the behavior of the implementation.
- Example:- functionality, safety, security, performances.
- Algebraic specification can cumbersome when the object operations are not independent of the object state.
- Model-based specification exposes the system state and defines the operations in terms of changes to that state.
- The Z notation is a mature technique for model-based specification. It combines formal and informal descriptions and uses graphical highlighting when presenting specifications.
       
Types of Behavioral Specification
 There are 4 types of behavioral specification, they are given below:-

a) Abstract Model Specification
- Defines operation in terms of a well-defined mathematical model.

b)Algebraic Specification
-Defines operations by a collection of equivalence relations.

c) State transition Specification
- Defines operation in terms of state and transitions.
 
d) Axiomatic Specification
-Defines operation by logical assertions

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

What are different steps used in JDBC? Write down a small program showing all steps.

-
 T he fundamental steps involved in the process of connecting to a database and executing a query consist of the following: Import JDBC packages. Load and register the JDBC driver. Open a connection to the database. Create a statement object to perform a query. Execute the statement object and return a query resultset. Process the resultset. Close the resultset and statement objects. Close the connection. These steps are described in detail in the sections that follow. 1. Import JDBC Packages This is for making the JDBC API classes immediately available to the application program. The following import statement should be included in the program irrespective of the JDBC driver being used: import java.sql.*; Additionally, depending on the features being used, Oracle-supplied JDBC packages might need to be imported. For example, the following packages might need to be imported while using the Oracle extensions to JDBC such as using advanced data types such as BLOB, and so on. import o...
Read more

Pure Versus Partial EC

-
Image
Pure Versus Partial EC EC takes several forms depending on the degree of digitization (the transformation from physical to digital). Companies utilizing pure EC conduct all of their business online. Businesses utilizing partial EC conduct a portion of their business online and a portion of their business off-line OR,    Pure E-electronic commerce refers to a situation where a business transacts its business activities PURELY online. that is, the goods or services sold do not have any physical presence. take a business that sells software, for example, you just pay and download, or one that sells music files online. Partial E-Commerce on the other hand refers to a slightly opposite situation where a business has an online presence, but still has a physical location for the goods and services it sells. For example, Amazon, Walmart, and any other you can think of. you buy the goods online but receive them physically.                   ...
Read more

Discuss classification or taxonomy of virtualization at different levels.

-
Image
Taxonomy of virtualization Virtualization is mainly used to emulate the execution environment, storage, and networks. The execution environment is classified into two: – Process-level – implemented on top of an existing operating system.  – System-level – implemented directly on hardware and does not or minimum requirement of the existing operating system. OR,  Virtualization covers a wide range of emulation techniques that are applied to different areas of computing. A classification of these techniques helps us better understand their characteristics and use  V irtualization is mainly used to emulate  ● Execution Environments: To provide support for the execution of the programs eg. OS, and Application.  ○ Process Level: Implemented on top of an existing OS that has full control of the hardware  ○ System Level: Implemented directly on Hardware and do not require support from existing OS.  ● Storage: Storage vi...
Read more