Explain Interoperability Framework with a proper diagram. What are the benefits of Interoperability Framework.

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 INTEROPERABILITY FRAMEWORK

  • Interoperability Framework is a set of standards and guidelines which describe the way in which organizations have agreed, or should agree, to interact with each other.
  • E-Government Interoperability Framework (E-GIF) is a set of guidelines and standards to be followed by public sector information systems and processes, to achieve technical, organizational, and semantic interoperability during service provision.


 Levels of Interoperability

The interoperability levels related to the sharing of information in IFEG are mainly classified into:-

• Organisational Interoperability (like process-re-engineering including Government-Orders, Process Changes, Organisational Structures),

• Semantic Interoperability (Enabling data to be interpreted & processed with the same meaning, etc.) and

• Technical Interoperability (like technical issues in interconnecting ICT systems and services, information storage and archival, protocols for information exchange and networking, security, etc.); in general, technical interoperability was considered for classifying the standards into various layers or domains (eg. Presentation domain, Network domain, Data Interchange domain, etc.) in earlier versions of IFEG/GIF documents from various countries.


Description of Figure

It provides an overall view of the levels of the interoperability system. This helps define how applications and re-usable services will be developed and their interaction with other ICT systems. As indicated in the Figure, Organisational Interoperability is supported by Semantic Interoperability, which in turn is supported by Technical Interoperability. Hence Technical Interoperability forms the basis for the IFEG. Governance facilitates and enforces the implementation of IFEG.


Influencing Factor of E-Government  Interoperability Model/ Multilateral mechanism for IFEG

The Multilateral mechanism for IFEG is influenced or the influencing factor by the following key sub-areas:

1) Political – For strategy-related issues. In the Political context, support and commitment from an authority, provisioning of policies/guidelines, strategies over different levels of interoperability are expected.

2) Legal – For issues like IPR / Copy Right, content regulation, privacy, freedom of information, electronic identities, etc; these are context-sensitive. Legal factors include legal power assigned to a system for data protection and privacy information of the citizen, governance issues related to information management, executive orders, and laws related to e-Governance services, citizen services driven by administrative procedures, enforcement, etc.

3)  Managerial – For issues like training, motivation, reorientation of concerned staff from public agencies.

4) Economic – For funding-related issues.

5)  Social/Cultural – For social/cultural characteristics of system stakeholders. Social / Cultural factors like differences in culture, working practices, issues of trust, timings, social exclusion issues have more influence. Cultural and linguistic diversity in India introduces additional administrative constraints like naming conventions, multiple local official languages, language-dependent format, etc.

This mechanism should be defined (i) with transparent, consensual, collaborative open- environments and (ii) also through the participation from all stakeholders.


 Benefits of Interoperability Framework

The major benefits of e-GIF are as follows:
1. It will improve collaboration across Agencies within the governance and encourage the adoption of Whole of Government IT projects;
2. It will facilitate Interoperability between governance systems;
3. It will reduce duplication of effort and resources, saving cost for governance;
4. It will help identify common data and systems to be shared within the governance;
5. It will help identify new opportunities for ICT development and align the ICT initiatives of every agency towards common national goals;
6. It will facilitate decision-making with respect to ICT’s role in development.
7. Overall, it will further improve public service delivery through the effective use of ICT.

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