What are the issues/challenges in implementation of e-governance application?

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 Challenges in implementation of E-Governance Applications

A  number of issues, some old and some new have arisen in e-governance application, are as follows:-

(i) Lack of strategies and financial plan

(ii) The project implementation is generally vendor-driven

(iii) Lack of standardization ( For example, similar projects are carried out by different state agencies using incompatible file formats and application standards) 

 (iv) Reverse compatibility of the application with legacy systems is missing in several projects.

 (v)  The IT Infrastructures are procured before building the application or digitizing the data.

(vi)  Physical security is emphasized, whereas Logical and application security is left to vendors in many cases.

 (vii)  Lack of understanding by the departments, for the components of e-governance applications, which can be outsourced or can be carried out in-house.




                             OR,,,,

                          For 10 marks downward and for 5 mark upward


CHALLENGES OF E-GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTATION

a) Technical barriers 

 The implementation of e-government faces some technical difficulties such as a lack of shared standards and compatible infrastructure among departments and agencies. Also, privacy and security are critical barriers in the implementation of e-government in citizen concern. The guarantee by the government will not suffice unless accompanied by technical solutions, transparency of procedures, and possibly independent auditing.

  •  Lack or weakness of ICT infrastructure is one of the major challenges for e-government implementation. Many developing countries suffer from the digital divide, and they are not able to deploy the appropriate ICT infrastructure for e-government deployment. Next, the higher the level of human development, the more likely citizens will be inclined to accept and use e-government services. Therefore, governments should work closely with the private sector to establish a modern infrastructure that will provide access opportunities to disconnected groups and individuals.
  • A critical obstacle in implementing e-government is the citizens’ concern about the privacy of their life and confidentiality of the personal data they are providing as part of obtaining government services. The guarantee by the government will not suffice unless accompanied by technical solutions, transparency of procedures, and possibly independent auditing. Privacy and confidentiality have to be highly valued in establishing and maintaining websites. 
  •  Security means protection of all information and systems against any disclosure to unauthorized access, or unauthorized modifications or devastation. A basic to fulfill is payment (of fines, taxes, etc.). Transaction security is an obvious requirement.

b) Social Barriers 

Social issues are mainly concerned with the usability of a large variety of people. This implies that the interface must be usable by all kinds of people within the government. Social obstacles include many factors such as the digital divide, culture, education, and income. In this area, the first two factors will be illustrated:-

  • The digital divide refers to the gap in opportunity between those who have access to the internet and those who do not. Those who do not have access to the internet will be unable to benefit from e-government services. Not all people have suitable access to computers and the Internet, whether due to a lack of income, necessary skills, or internet access.
  •  Cultural implications of new technologies are the main barriers to the implementation of e-government. The culture was defined as a set of important assumptions, beliefs, and values that all members of a society share in common. Cultural differences and individual behavior patterns play a role in the acceptance and use of new technology. However, the cultural issue is not easily tangible, it must be given more planning so that technical change is implemented successfully.


c) Organizational Barriers

The implementation of e-government is not a purely technical issue only, but rather an organizational issue. Organizational challenges include Top management support, Resistance to change to electronic ways, Collaboration, and Lack of qualified personnel and training.

  •  Top management support refers to the promise from leaders to accept, support, and adopt the e-government systems and applications. Therefore, it plays a significant role in the adoption and implementation of e-government. In fact, leadership is one of the main driving factors in every new and innovative project or initiative, so it is necessary for the implementation of e-government.
  • In Resistance to change to electronic ways, E-government is a new phenomenon which in the workplace means the transformation from manual methods of work to electronic ones. These new changes will create a new advanced environment completely different from what has been used for many years in government departments. As many employees see the e-government implementation as a threat to their positions and fear losing their jobs and power. Moreover, It is important that e-government leaders identify the sources of resistance and create a plan to treat them.
  •  Collaboration and cooperation between all partners is a critical factor in the e-government implementation process in order to gain a successful e-government system. As we see, that cooperation between public and private sectors is necessary to provide resources, plans, skills, and experiences that the government may not otherwise have. Government should encourage all sectors to participate in e-government and implementation and development.

c) Financial Barriers 

The lack of financial support is considered a significant obstacle to the implementation of e-government in many countries. The most serious and significant barrier to the implementation of e-government is a lack of money; e-government implementation is expensive. Because of the high cost of implementation and maintenance the computer systems, many countries become in the dilemma of funding e-government programs, even when a government entity has a plan for effective and accessible e-government.

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