Write short note on Global trend of growth in E-Governance or, E-Governance trends in developed and developing countries.

-

Present Global trend of growth in e-governance 

Governments are called to take on a new role in this favorable convergence, giving up passively submitting to the winds of innovation. "The focus must now lie on the digit transformation of society as a whole. Governments are no longer only providing services to end-users, whether these are citizens or businesses.

Press reports (during the end of 2002) indicate a trend of global growth in e-governance utilization by people in different categories. They indicate the following:

  •  The proportion of adults worldwide using the Internet to access government services or products during the past 12 months has increased by around 15 percent, according to the findings of the second Government Online Study published by Taylor Nelson Sofres.
  • Three out of ten citizens (30 percent) globally said that they had accessed government services online compared with only (26 percent) questioned a year ago. Government online services are most commonly used to search for information (24 percent users) and to download information (11 percent of the v users).
  • The increased use of government online services is primarily due to a rise in the proportion of people searching for information (from 20 to 24 percent during the period from September 2001 to September 2002).
  • Globally, online government transactions increased from just 6 percent to 7 percent during this period and the percentage of those providing personal details to the government increased from 7 percent to 8 percent. In some countries, the percentage increase has been significantly higher than in others.
  • Among the most significant increases in the use of government services online are Australia (from 31 percent to 46 percent), Turkey (from 3 percent to 13 percent), the Netherlands (from 31 percent to 41 percent), and the US (from 34 percent to 43 percent).
  • In contrast, in Japan, however, government online usage fell by 4 percent (17 percent to 13 percent of the citizens) between 2001 and 2002.
  • While security issues about accessing government services online were the main concern for many countries during 2001, perceptions of safety improved globally during 2002. When 23 percent of citizens worldwide said that they feel safe disclosing personal information such as credit card and bank account numbers online compared to just 14 percent of citizens in 2001, representing thus an increase of almost two-thirds (64 percent).
  • As for the use of government online, the Scandinavian markets (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden), together with some southeast Asian markets (Singapore and Hong Kong), have perceived the highest levels of safety (around one-third of users), in the system. In contrast, the greatest safety concerns were expressed by citizens in Japan (90 percent said they felt accessing government service online was "unsafe"), Germany (82 percent), and France (76 percent).

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Suppose that a data warehouse for Big-University consists of the following four dimensions: student, course, semester, and instructor, and two measures count and avg_grade. When at the lowest conceptual level (e.g., for a given student, course, semester, and instructor combination), the avg_grade measure stores the actual course grade of the student. At higher conceptual levels, avg_grade stores the average grade for the given combination. a) Draw a snowflake schema diagram for the data warehouse. b) Starting with the base cuboid [student, course, semester, instructor], what specific OLAP operations (e.g., roll-up from semester to year) should one perform in order to list the average grade of CS courses for each BigUniversity student. c) If each dimension has five levels (including all), such as “student < major < status < university < all”, how many cuboids will this cube contain (including the base and apex cuboids)?

-
Image
a) A Snowflake Shema is shown in figure below: b) The specific OLAP operations to be performed: 1. Roll-up on course from course_id to department. 2. Roll-up on a student from student_id to university. 3. Dice on course, student with department ="CS" and university = "biguniversity" 4. Drill-down on a student from the university to student_name. c) N = 4 dimensions The cube will contain 54 = 625 cuboids.
Read more

Suppose that a data warehouse consists of the four dimensions; date, spectator, location, and game, and the two measures, count and charge, where charge is the fee that a spectator pays when watching a game on a given date. Spectators may be students, adults, or seniors, with each category having its own charge rate. a) Draw a star schema diagram for the data b) Starting with the base cuboid [date; spectator; location; game], what specific OLAP operations should perform in order to list the total charge paid by student spectators at GM Place in 2004?

-
Image
  b) The specific OLAP operations to be performed are: 1. Roll-up on date from date id to year. 2. Roll-up on spectator from spectator id to status. 3. Roll-up on location from location id to location name. 4. Roll-up on the game from game id to all. 5. Dice with status= “students”, location name= “GM Place”, and year=2004
Read more

Discuss classification or taxonomy of virtualization at different levels.

-
Image
Taxonomy of virtualization Virtualization is mainly used to emulate the execution environment, storage, and networks. The execution environment is classified into two: – Process-level – implemented on top of an existing operating system.  – System-level – implemented directly on hardware and does not or minimum requirement of the existing operating system. OR,  Virtualization covers a wide range of emulation techniques that are applied to different areas of computing. A classification of these techniques helps us better understand their characteristics and use  V irtualization is mainly used to emulate  ● Execution Environments: To provide support for the execution of the programs eg. OS, and Application.  ○ Process Level: Implemented on top of an existing OS that has full control of the hardware  ○ System Level: Implemented directly on Hardware and do not require support from existing OS.  ● Storage: Storage vi...
Read more