What are the component of e-governance infrastructure?

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 The major core infrastructure components of e-governance are:-

 – State Data Centers (SDCs),

 – State Wide Area Networks (S.W.A.N), 

– Common Services Centers (CSCs) and 

– Middleware gateways

 • National e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (NSDG),

 • State e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (SSDG),

 • Mobile e-Governance Service Delivery.



                    OR,





1) State Wide Area Network

• Wide Area Network is an advanced telecommunication infrastructure, used nowadays for the exchange of data and other types of information between two or more locations, separated by significant geographical distances. 

• The medium of connectivity can be copper, optical fiber cable, or wireless, as may be found feasible. Such wide area networks, in a way, create a highway for the electronic transfer of information in the form of voice, video, and data.

 • Department of IT in Government of India is implementing an approved Scheme known as State Wide Area Network (SWAN) Scheme, envisaged to create such connectivity in each State / UT, to bring speed, efficiency, reliability, and accountability in the overall system of Government-to-Government (G2G) functioning.

 •  A wide area network deployed in a State or UT would have two components viz. a) Vertical Component b) Horizontal Component

 •  The vertical component of SWAN is implemented using multi-tier architecture (typically, three-tier) with the State/UT Headquarters (SHQ ) connected to each District Head Quarter (DHQ) which in turn gets connected to each Block Head Quarter (BHQ). 

 •  Each SHQ, DHQ, and BHQ point of connection is called a Point of Presence (PoP)

 • The bandwidth provisioning for network connectivity between all the above PoPs is a minimum of 2 Mbps. Presently, the connectivity provisioning between every SHQ and DHQ is for 4 Mbps and DHQ to every BHQ is 2 Mbps. 

 •  For the horizontal component, the government departments at each tier are connected to the respective PoPs. 

 • There are two options for SWAN implementation; the PPP Model and the NIC model.

 •  To date, individual SWAN proposals have been considered and approved for 33 States/UTs with a total DIT outlay of Rs. 1,964.97 crore and Rs 562.41 have been released so far.



2) State Data Centre 

• Under NeGP, it is proposed to create State Data Centres for the States to consolidate services, applications, and infrastructure to provide efficient electronic delivery of G2G, G2C, and G2B services. 

• State Data Centre would provide many functionalities which are Central Repository of the State, Secure Data Storage, Online Delivery of Services, Citizen Information/Services Portal, State Intranet Portal, Disaster Recovery, Remote Management, and Service Integration, etc.

• As of 2nd September 2011, SDCs in 14 States have been operational. The total outlay is Rs. 1378.50 Crores


3) NSDG

 • The National eGovernance Service Delivery Gateway (NSDG), an integrated MMP under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), can simplify the above task by acting as a standards-based messaging switch and providing seamless interoperability and exchange of data across the departments. NSDG acting as a nerve center would handle a large number of transactions and would help in tracking and time-stamping all transactions of the Government.



4)  Common Services Centers 

• The CSCs would provide high-quality and cost-effective video, voice, and data content and services, in the areas of e-governance, education, health, telemedicine, entertainment as well as other private services. 

• The PPP model of the CSC scheme envisages a 3-tier structure consisting of the CSC operator (called Village Level Entrepreneur or VLE) the Service Centre Agency (SCA), that will be responsible for a division of 500-1000 CSCs and a State Designated Agency (SDA) identified by the State Government responsible for managing the implementation over the entire State. 

• As of 31st October 2011, a total of 97,121 CSCs have been rolled out in thirty-three States/UTs. 100% CSCs have been rolled out in 12 (Twelve) States

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