What are the component of e-governance infrastructure?

-

 The major core infrastructure components of e-governance are:-

 – State Data Centers (SDCs),

 – State Wide Area Networks (S.W.A.N), 

– Common Services Centers (CSCs) and 

– Middleware gateways

 • National e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (NSDG),

 • State e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (SSDG),

 • Mobile e-Governance Service Delivery.



                    OR,





1) State Wide Area Network

• Wide Area Network is an advanced telecommunication infrastructure, used nowadays for the exchange of data and other types of information between two or more locations, separated by significant geographical distances. 

• The medium of connectivity can be copper, optical fiber cable, or wireless, as may be found feasible. Such wide area networks, in a way, create a highway for the electronic transfer of information in the form of voice, video, and data.

 • Department of IT in Government of India is implementing an approved Scheme known as State Wide Area Network (SWAN) Scheme, envisaged to create such connectivity in each State / UT, to bring speed, efficiency, reliability, and accountability in the overall system of Government-to-Government (G2G) functioning.

 •  A wide area network deployed in a State or UT would have two components viz. a) Vertical Component b) Horizontal Component

 •  The vertical component of SWAN is implemented using multi-tier architecture (typically, three-tier) with the State/UT Headquarters (SHQ ) connected to each District Head Quarter (DHQ) which in turn gets connected to each Block Head Quarter (BHQ). 

 •  Each SHQ, DHQ, and BHQ point of connection is called a Point of Presence (PoP)

 • The bandwidth provisioning for network connectivity between all the above PoPs is a minimum of 2 Mbps. Presently, the connectivity provisioning between every SHQ and DHQ is for 4 Mbps and DHQ to every BHQ is 2 Mbps. 

 •  For the horizontal component, the government departments at each tier are connected to the respective PoPs. 

 • There are two options for SWAN implementation; the PPP Model and the NIC model.

 •  To date, individual SWAN proposals have been considered and approved for 33 States/UTs with a total DIT outlay of Rs. 1,964.97 crore and Rs 562.41 have been released so far.



2) State Data Centre 

• Under NeGP, it is proposed to create State Data Centres for the States to consolidate services, applications, and infrastructure to provide efficient electronic delivery of G2G, G2C, and G2B services. 

• State Data Centre would provide many functionalities which are Central Repository of the State, Secure Data Storage, Online Delivery of Services, Citizen Information/Services Portal, State Intranet Portal, Disaster Recovery, Remote Management, and Service Integration, etc.

• As of 2nd September 2011, SDCs in 14 States have been operational. The total outlay is Rs. 1378.50 Crores


3) NSDG

 • The National eGovernance Service Delivery Gateway (NSDG), an integrated MMP under the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), can simplify the above task by acting as a standards-based messaging switch and providing seamless interoperability and exchange of data across the departments. NSDG acting as a nerve center would handle a large number of transactions and would help in tracking and time-stamping all transactions of the Government.



4)  Common Services Centers 

• The CSCs would provide high-quality and cost-effective video, voice, and data content and services, in the areas of e-governance, education, health, telemedicine, entertainment as well as other private services. 

• The PPP model of the CSC scheme envisages a 3-tier structure consisting of the CSC operator (called Village Level Entrepreneur or VLE) the Service Centre Agency (SCA), that will be responsible for a division of 500-1000 CSCs and a State Designated Agency (SDA) identified by the State Government responsible for managing the implementation over the entire State. 

• As of 31st October 2011, a total of 97,121 CSCs have been rolled out in thirty-three States/UTs. 100% CSCs have been rolled out in 12 (Twelve) States

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Suppose that a data warehouse for Big-University consists of the following four dimensions: student, course, semester, and instructor, and two measures count and avg_grade. When at the lowest conceptual level (e.g., for a given student, course, semester, and instructor combination), the avg_grade measure stores the actual course grade of the student. At higher conceptual levels, avg_grade stores the average grade for the given combination. a) Draw a snowflake schema diagram for the data warehouse. b) Starting with the base cuboid [student, course, semester, instructor], what specific OLAP operations (e.g., roll-up from semester to year) should one perform in order to list the average grade of CS courses for each BigUniversity student. c) If each dimension has five levels (including all), such as “student < major < status < university < all”, how many cuboids will this cube contain (including the base and apex cuboids)?

-
Image
a) A Snowflake Shema is shown in figure below: b) The specific OLAP operations to be performed: 1. Roll-up on course from course_id to department. 2. Roll-up on a student from student_id to university. 3. Dice on course, student with department ="CS" and university = "biguniversity" 4. Drill-down on a student from the university to student_name. c) N = 4 dimensions The cube will contain 54 = 625 cuboids.
Read more

Suppose that a data warehouse consists of the four dimensions; date, spectator, location, and game, and the two measures, count and charge, where charge is the fee that a spectator pays when watching a game on a given date. Spectators may be students, adults, or seniors, with each category having its own charge rate. a) Draw a star schema diagram for the data b) Starting with the base cuboid [date; spectator; location; game], what specific OLAP operations should perform in order to list the total charge paid by student spectators at GM Place in 2004?

-
Image
  b) The specific OLAP operations to be performed are: 1. Roll-up on date from date id to year. 2. Roll-up on spectator from spectator id to status. 3. Roll-up on location from location id to location name. 4. Roll-up on the game from game id to all. 5. Dice with status= “students”, location name= “GM Place”, and year=2004
Read more

Discuss classification or taxonomy of virtualization at different levels.

-
Image
Taxonomy of virtualization Virtualization is mainly used to emulate the execution environment, storage, and networks. The execution environment is classified into two: – Process-level – implemented on top of an existing operating system.  – System-level – implemented directly on hardware and does not or minimum requirement of the existing operating system. OR,  Virtualization covers a wide range of emulation techniques that are applied to different areas of computing. A classification of these techniques helps us better understand their characteristics and use  V irtualization is mainly used to emulate  ● Execution Environments: To provide support for the execution of the programs eg. OS, and Application.  ○ Process Level: Implemented on top of an existing OS that has full control of the hardware  ○ System Level: Implemented directly on Hardware and do not require support from existing OS.  ● Storage: Storage vi...
Read more