Troubleshooting of connectivity (cables, network, etc.):

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 Troubleshooting of connectivity (cables, network, etc.):

Network Troubleshooting

The term troubleshooting refers to the process of identifying problems with a network through a rigorous and repeatable process and then solving those problems using testable methods. Troubleshooting is more effective than trying things at random until the network functions because it allows you to target individual network components, testing each for function, and encourages you to document your process. Network troubleshooting is useful for almost anyone, from a computer enthusiast to an aspiring network engineer.


In this tutorial, we are only concerned about the computer networking fault diagnosis and rectification.

Basic Network Troubleshooting Steps

Network troubleshooting is a repeatable process, which means that you can break it down into clear steps that anyone can follow.

  • Identify the Problem The, first step in troubleshooting a network is to identify the problem. As a part of this step, you should do the following:
  • Gather information about the current state of the network using the network troubleshooting tools that you have available to you.
  • Duplicate the problem on a test piece of hardware or software, if possible. This can help you to confirm where your problem lies.
  • Question users on the network to learn about the errors encountered. or difficulties they have
  • Identify the symptom of the network outage. For example, do they include complete loss of network connection? Slow behavior on the network? Is there a network- wide problem, or are the issues only being experienced by one user?
  • Determine if anything has changed in the network before the issues appeared. Is there a new piece of hardware that's in use? Has the network taken on new users? Has there been a software update or change somewhere in the network?
  • Define individual problems clearly. Sometimes a network can have multiple problems. This is the time to identify each individual issue so that your solutions to one aren't bogged down by other unsolved problems.



Based on the type of issue, we will discuss its troubleshooting steps and tips.

Basic Network Problems

  • Cable Problem: The cable which is used to connect two devices can get faulty, shortened or can be physically damaged.
  • Connectivity Problem: The port or interface on which the device is connected or configured can be physically down or faulty due to which the source host will not be able to communicate with the destination host.
  • Configuration Issue: Due to a wrong configuration, looping the IP, routing problem and other configuration issues, network fault may arise and the services will get affected.
  • Software Issue: Owing to software compatibility issues and version mismatch, the transmission of IP data packets between the source and destination is interrupted.
  • Traffic overload: If the link is over utilized then the capacity or traffic on a device is more than the carrying capacity of it and dae to overload condition the device will start behaving abnormally.
  • Network IP Issue: Due to improper configuration of IP addresses and subnet mask and routing IP to the next hop, the source will not be able to reach the destination IP through the network.


Hardware Tools

Command-line tools and applications are software tools for troubleshooting, but some network problems have hardware causes and solutions.

Here are some hardware tools that can help you diagnose and solve network issues:

Wire Crimpers

A wire crimper (sometimes called a cable crimper) is a toul that attaches media connectors to the ends of cables. You can use it to make or modify network cables.

Cable Testers

A cable tester (sometimes called a line tester) is a tool that verifies if a signal is transmitted by a given cable. You can use one to find out whether the cables in your network are functioning properly when diagnosing connectivity issues.

Punch Down Tool

A punch down tool is used in a wiring closet to connect cable wires directly to a patch panel or punch-down block. This tool makes it easier to connect wires than it would be to do it by hand.

TDR-

A time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is a measuring tool that transmits an electrical pulse on a cable and measures the reflected signal. In a functioning cable, the signal does not reflect and is absorbed in the other end An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a similar tool, but used for measuring fiber optic cables, which are becoming networks. more common in modern

Light Meter

Light meters, also known as optical power meters, are devices used to measure the power in an optical signal.

Tone Generator

A tone generator is a device that sends an electrical signal through one pair of UTP wires. On the other end, a tone locator or tone probe is a device that emits an audible tone when it detects a signal in a pair of wires. You can use these tools to verify that signals are passing through the wires in your network. They are often used to confirm phone connectivity.

Loopback Adapter

A loopback adapter is a virtual or physical tool that can be used for troubleshooting network transmission issues, It can be used by utilizing a special connector that redirects the electrical signal back to the transmitting system.

Multimeter

A multimeter (sometimes called a volt/ohm meter) is an electronic measuring instrument that takes electrical measurements such as voltage, current and resistance. There are hand-held multimeters for fieldwork as well as bench-top models for in-house troubleshooting.

Spectrum Analyzer

 A spectrum analyzer is an instrument that displays the variation of a signal strength against the frequency.

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