Notes for BSc CSIT

  BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM (BIOS) The data that is installed on a small memory chip on the motherboard is BIOS which means Basic Input Output System. The first program to be launched when a computer starts is BIOS. What is the BIOS (Basic Input Output System)? The BIOS provides instructions for loading basic computer hardware. This also requires a test called a POST (Power-On Self-Test) to verify whether the device meets the needs of booting correctly. If the POST is not passed by the computer, a combination of beeps is received which shows something is wrong with the machine. The BIOS firmware is non-volatile, which means it saves and restores its settings even after power from the system is disconnected. The OS is mid-range software because it communicates with both high-level software and hardware components directly via the drivers and BIOS. In other words, the BIOS provides a variety of services that allow users to configure and get direct information from hardware components...

  Motherboard The motherboard is a large PCB board that is found in all programmable electronic devices The component attached to the board may differ from one system to another. The desktop has different types of sockets and hardware than Smartphone. CPU, memory, storage, capacitor, transistor, slots, and connectors are all common components in all electronic devices. The motherboard is a thin printed circuit board (PCB) which links all different components inside your computer. So, we can say the motherboard acts as a hub in a network. People call motherboard with a different name like main board, logic board, baseboard, system board, mobo, etc.  Parts of the Motherboard are as follow. 1. RAM Chip and RAM Slot 2. CPU Chip and Socket 3. PCI Slots 4. ROM Chip 5. Accelerated Graphics Port 6. North Bridge 7. Southbridge 8. CMOS Battery 9. Power Supply Plug 10. Parallel Port 11. Serial Port 2 x PCI Express Slatk microphone port 12. SATA and PATA Connector 13. USB Port 14. DVI Por...

  Data Backup Data backup is the process of storing additional copies of your data in physical or virtual locations distinct from your data files in storage. Typically, backup data includes all the data documents, media files, configuration and registry files, machine images, etc. required to perform the workload on your server. In essence, any data that you desire to keep can be saved as backup data. The main goal of backup is to generate a copy of the data that can be recovered if the primary data fails. Failure can be hardware or software failures, data corruption, or a human-initiated event such as an attack (virus or malware) or data deletion by an accident. The act of backing up your data in the case of a loss and putting up secure mechanisms that allow you to recover your data, as a result, this process is known as data backup and recovery. It copies and preserves data in order to keep it available in the event of data loss or damage. Suppose you have backed up your data, so...

 IDENTIFYING CONNECTOR TYPES AND ASSOCIATED CABLES One can find so many connectors which are there in the computer. Each connector is unique and belong to some connectors group like display connectors. The identification of the connector types and figuring out what are the cables which are associated to it is an important task in order are acidepth understanding of how about computer works. So, one should know about these connector types and the cables which are associated with them so that he can implement this knowledge into the practical life and can get some really good benefits out of it. Here are some of the details of the types of connectors and their cables which are associated to them; Display connector types: When someone chooses a display type, he has to determine that how this device can be connected to the computer. He might find so many options and might not know which one to choose. Here are some connector types which can be available to him; DVI-D: DVI has got many ...

Installation of Device Drivers, Configuration and Installation of Application Programs and System Restore. Device Manager Device Manager is an extension of the Microsoft Management Console that provides a central and organized view of all the Microsoft Windows recognized hardware installed in a computer. Managing hardware devices installed in a computer, like hard disk drives, keyboards, sound cards, USB devices, and more, can be done through Device Manager. You can use it to change hardware configuration options, manage drivers, disable and enable hardware, identify conflicts between hardware devices, and much more. Device Manager is available in nearly every Windows version including Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows 98, Windows 95, and more. How to open the Device Manager in Windows 10 and 11 1. Press the Windows key+X or right-click Start to open the Power User Menu. 2. Select Device Manager in the menu. In De...