Notes for BSc CSIT

  MCQs from PAGE1 1. ______ is a condition in which the memory is dynamically reserved but isn't accessible to any program. a) Pointer Leak b) Frozen Memory c) Dangling Pointer d) Memory Leak Correct Answer: d Explanation: A memory leak occurs when dynamically allocated memory is not freed and becomes inaccessible to the program, leading to resource wastage. A dangling pointer refers to a pointer that points to deallocated memory, and a pointer leak is not a standard term. The correct answer is "d". 2. Which of these is NOT a relational or logical operator? a. = b. || c. = d. != Correct Answer: c Explanation: The options include relational operators ( = , != ) and logical operators ( || for OR). However, = is likely a typo and intended as == (equality operator). Assuming the question intends to identify an invalid operator, = (assignment) is not a relational or logical operator, unlike == (comparison). The answer sheet lists "a," but given...

  MCQs from PAGE1 1. Out of the following, which is not an essential element of a communication system? a. Transmitter b. Transducer c. Receiver d. Communication channel Correct Answer: b Explanation: A communication system requires a transmitter (to send the signal), a receiver (to receive the signal), and a communication channel (to transmit the signal). A transducer converts energy from one form to another (e.g., electrical to sound), but it is not an essential element of the core communication system itself—it is often part of the transmitter or receiver. The correct answer is "b". 2. A device which provides output in electrical form or it has input in electrical form is called a? a. Transmitter b. Receiver c. Repeater d. Transducer Correct Answer: d Explanation: A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to another, typically providing output in electrical form (e.g., a microphone converting sound to electrical signals) or accepting elect...

  1. A queue follows a. LIFO principle b. FIFO principle c. Linear tree d. Ordered array Correct Answer: b Explanation: A queue follows the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle, where the first element added is the first to be removed, similar to a real-world queue (e.g., a line of people). LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) applies to stacks, not queues. 2. The time complexity used for inserting a node in a priority queue on the basis of key is: a. O(n) b. O(n²) c. O(nlogn) d. O(log n) Correct Answer: d Explanation: In a priority queue implemented using a heap (e.g., binary heap), insertion involves adding an element and performing a heapify-up operation, which takes O(log n) time due to the height of the tree. The given answer "a" is incorrect; the correct answer is "d". 3. Which of these is a postfix expression? a. a + b - c b. +ab c. abc*+de-+ d. a b(c+d) Correct Answer: c Explanation: A postfix expression (Reverse Polish Notation) places operators...